What fees can an ATM withdrawal include?

An ATM withdrawal in Japan can include several layers of cost: an operator fee from the company that owns the machine, a fee from your own bank, a foreign transaction fee, and the margin in the exchange rate. With a credit card there can also be cash advance charges and interest that often starts immediately. You may not face every layer; which apply depends on your cards. Your bank's fee schedule and cardholder agreement are the precise sources, so check them before you travel.¹